Ecochange

		WP1.2.: Remote sensing-based land cover & land use Task T01.02.03: Refined Classifications; desaggregation of CORINE land cover into ecological relevant classes	Bob Bunce Stephan Hennekens Sander Mücher

Corine land cover class

Annex I Habitat type

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest

Annex 1: 9020

Title

Fennoscandian hemiboreal natural old broad-leaved deciduous forests (Quercus, Tilia, Acer, Fraxinus or Ulmus) rich in epiphytes

Description

also fungi Auricularia mesenterica 1:0, Ganoderma lipsiense 1:0, Eichomitus campestris 1:0, Mycena galericulata 1:0, Tricholoma album 1:0, Tricholoma sulphureum 1:0. Habitat-description: The hemiboreal natural old broad-leaved deciduous forest forms a transition between the Western Taiga and the nemoral forests. The most common tree species are Quercus robur, Ulmus spp., Fraxinus excelsior, tilia cordata or Acr platanoides. There is typically a considerable amount of dead wood and a long continuity of woodland cover on the sites. The species-diversity of lichens, fungi, insects and soil-organisms is high. In many cases the forests have previously been used for grazing or mowing.

Indicator species

Anemone nemorosa, Dentaria bulbifera, Hepatica nobilis, Mercurialis perennis

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -10, Avg min:. 47, Avg mean: 58, Avg max: 79, Abs. max: 301

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest (Mixed forest)

Annex 1: 9020

Title

Fennoscandian hemiboreal natural old broad-leaved deciduous forests (Quercus, Tilia, Acer, Fraxinus or Ulmus) rich in epiphytes

Description

Indicator species

Anemone nemorosa, Dentaria bulbifera, Hepatica nobilis, Mercurialis perennis

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -10, Avg min:. 47, Avg mean: 58, Avg max: 79, Abs. max: 301

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest

Annex 1: 9030

Title

Natural forests of primary succession stages of landupheaval coast

Description

no specific species designated to this type Habitat-description: This type includes different types of deciduous, coniferous and mixed natural thickets and forests developed on land upheaval coasts of the Baltic sea. Characteristic for these habitats are stages of primary succession from shore grassland vegetation to climax forests or various wetland types. Also soil horizons are poorly developed, although podsol soils are otherwise typical for boreal forest. The youngest pioneer forests near the sea are often low or tall herb deciduous forests, thickets or swamps. Vegetation succession can also proceed from willow swamps through forest swamps to mires. Alder and birch are dominant in the tree layer and willows are often common in the shrub layer. Grasses are abundant. Further inland the influence of the sea is weakened, the soils are often poor in nutrients and coniferous forests are typical. Pine, and often also spruce, dominates the tree layer and dwarf shrubs dominate in the field layer. In the ground layer mosses are common, but in many areas lichens are abundant.

Indicator species

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -1, Avg min:. 0, Avg mean: 3, Avg max: 16, Abs. max: 60

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest (Mixed forest)

Annex 1: 9030

Title

Natural forests of primary succession stages of landupheaval coast

Description

Indicator species

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -1, Avg min:. 0, Avg mean: 3, Avg max: 16, Abs. max: 60

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest

Annex 1: 9040

Title

Nordic subalpine/subarctic forests with Betula pubescens ssp. Czerepanovii

Description

Habitat-description: Forests dominated by Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii (mountain birch), occuring and often dominating the subalpine belt of the Scandinavian mountain (fell) chain (FjSllen). Occur also in isolated northern Fennoscandian fells and in gently sloping or flat subarctic (hemiarctic) uplands, particularly in N Finland. Due to different ecological characteristics, vegetation varies from lichen poor and dwarf shrub dominated types to those rich-in-tall-herbs.

Indicator species

Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii, Empetrum hermaphroditum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Aconitum lycoctonum

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: 14, Avg min:. 270, Avg mean: 404, Avg max: 622, Abs. max: 1310

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest (Mixed forest)

Annex 1: 9040

Title

Nordic subalpine/subarctic forests with Betula pubescens ssp. Czerepanovii

Description

Indicator species

Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii, Empetrum hermaphroditum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Aconitum lycoctonum

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: 14, Avg min:. 270, Avg mean: 404, Avg max: 622, Abs. max: 1310

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest

Annex 1: 9070

Title

Fennoscandian wooded pastures

Description

Habitat-description: A vegetation complex in which the tree layer varies from sparse forest to small copses of trees and shrubs and patches of open grassland. These habitats have a representative mosaic of copses of trees (usually deciduous trees) and grassland with a long continuity of grazing. The tree layer consists either of deciduous broad-leaved species such as Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Tilia cordata, Betula spp., Alnus incana or conifers (Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris). Particularly in Sweden there are pastures with old, large oaks. A rich assemblage of threatened lichens, fungi, and invertebrates are associated with the bark and dead or decaying wood. The type also includes (particularly in Finland) deciduous forests established after slash-and-burn cultivation, that was a characteristic feature of the former land use in Finland. In Finland scattered in the whole of the country, mostly in Southern and Central Finland; very rare or extinct in northern boreal zone. In Sweden scattered over the whole country. Regional variation is considerable. Wooded pastures are usually dominated by birch, pine, alder (Alnus incana) or spruce (spruce-dominated are often degraded types); in hemiboreal zone there are also subtypes dominated by e.g. Quercus, Fraxinus and Corylus.

Indicator species

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -1, Avg min:. 39, Avg mean: 40, Avg max: 64, Abs. max: 344

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest (Mixed forest)

Annex 1: 9070

Title

Fennoscandian wooded pastures

Description

Indicator species

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -1, Avg min:. 39, Avg mean: 40, Avg max: 64, Abs. max: 344

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest

Annex 1: 9080

Title

Fennoscandian deciduous swamp woods

Description

Habitat-description: Deciduous swamps are under permanent influence of surface water and usually flooded annually. They are moist or wet, wooded wetlands with some peat formation, but the peat layer is usually very thin. Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in the hemiboreal zone and black alder (Alnus glutinosa) reaching the middle boreal zone are typical tree species. Gray alder (Alnus incana), silver birch (Betula pubescens) and willows (Salix spp.) are also common. A mosaic of patches with different water level and vegetation is typical for the type. Around the tree stems are small hummocks, but wet flooded surfaces are dominant. Deciduous swamp woods are most common in Finland in the southwestern archipelago and other coastal areas. On the mainland they are rare. In Sweden they are common throughout the whole region.

Indicator species

Fraxinus excelsior, Alnus glutinosa, Alnus icana, Lycopus europaeus, Lysimachia thyrsiflora

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -10, Avg min:. 74, Avg mean: 91, Avg max: 111, Abs. max: 805

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest (Mixed forest)

Annex 1: 9080

Title

Fennoscandian deciduous swamp woods

Description

Indicator species

Fraxinus excelsior, Alnus glutinosa, Alnus icana, Lycopus europaeus, Lysimachia thyrsiflora

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -10, Avg min:. 74, Avg mean: 91, Avg max: 111, Abs. max: 805

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest

Annex 1: 9110

Title

Luzulo-Fagetum beech forests

Description

Habitat-description: [Fagus sylvatica] and, in higher mountains, [Fagus sylvatica-Abies alba] or [Fagus sylvatica-Abies alba-Picea abies] forests developed on acid soils of the medio-European domain of central and northern Central Europe, with [Luzula luzuloides, Polytrichum formosum] and often [Deschampsia flexuosa, Calamagrostis villosa, Vaccinium myrtillus, Pteridium aquilinum].

Indicator species

Fagus sylvatica, Luzula luzuloides, Pteridium aquilinum, Vaccinium myrtillus

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -50, Avg min:. 295, Avg mean: 426, Avg max: 612, Abs. max: 4061

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest (Mixed forest)

Annex 1: 9110

Title

Luzulo-Fagetum beech forests

Description

Indicator species

Fagus sylvatica, Luzula luzuloides, Pteridium aquilinum, Vaccinium myrtillus

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -50, Avg min:. 295, Avg mean: 426, Avg max: 612, Abs. max: 4061

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest

Annex 1: 9120

Title

Atlantic acidophilous beech forests with Ilex and sometimes also Taxus in the shrublayer (Quercinion robori-petraeae or Ilici-Fagenion)

Description

Habitat-description: Beech forests with [Ilex], growing on acid soils, of the plain to montane levels under humid Atlantic climate. The acid substrate corresponds to alterations of acid rocks or to silt with silex more or less degraded or, to old alluvial deposits. The soils are of acid brown type, leaching or with an evolution towards podsol type. The humus is of moder to dysmoder type. These beech forests present different varieties: a) subatlantic beech-oak forests of the plains and hill levels with [Ilex aquifolium] b) hyper-Atlantic beech-oak forests of the plains and hill levels with [Ilex] and [Taxus], rich in epiphytes c) pure beech forests or acidophilous beech-fir forests of the montane level, with [Ilex aquifolium] in the field layer.

Indicator species

Fagus sylvatica, Ilex aquifolium (?), Taxus baccata, Deschampsia flexuosa, Pteridium aquilinum, Vaccinium myrtillus

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -20, Avg min:. 374, Avg mean: 754, Avg max: 976, Abs. max: 3376

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest (Mixed forest)

Annex 1: 9120

Title

Atlantic acidophilous beech forests with Ilex and sometimes also Taxus in the shrublayer (Quercinion robori-petraeae or Ilici-Fagenion)

Description

Indicator species

Fagus sylvatica, Ilex aquifolium (?), Taxus baccata, Deschampsia flexuosa, Pteridium aquilinum, Vaccinium myrtillus

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -20, Avg min:. 374, Avg mean: 754, Avg max: 976, Abs. max: 3376

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest

Annex 1: 9140

Title

Medio-European subalpine beech woods with Acer and Rumex arifolius

Description

Habitat-description: [Fagus sylvatica] woods usually composed of low, low-branching trees, with much sycamore ([Acer pseudoplatanus]), situated near the tree limit, mostly in low mountains with oceanic climate of Western Europe and of central and northern Central Europe, in particular the Vosges, Black Forest, Rh÷n, Jura, outer Alps, Central Massif, Pyrenees, the mountains of the Bohemian Quadrangle, and, very locally, the Carpathians. The herb layer is similar to that of the forests of Pal., 41.13 or locally of Pal., 41.11 and contain elements of the adjacent open grasslands.

Indicator species

Fagus sylvatica, Acer pseudoplatanus, Rumex acrifolius

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: 160, Avg min:. 685, Avg mean: 1180, Avg max: 1774, Abs. max: 3200

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest (Mixed forest)

Annex 1: 9140

Title

Medio-European subalpine beech woods with Acer and Rumex arifolius

Description

Indicator species

Fagus sylvatica, Acer pseudoplatanus, Rumex acrifolius

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: 160, Avg min:. 685, Avg mean: 1180, Avg max: 1774, Abs. max: 3200

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest

Annex 1: 9150

Title

Medio-European limestone beech forests of the Cephalanthero-Fagion

Description

Habitat-description: Xero-thermophile [Fagus sylvatica] forests developed on calcareous, often superficial, soils, usually of steep slopes, of the medio-European and Atlantic domaines of Western Europe and of central and northern Central Europe, with a generally abundant herb and shrub undergrowth, characterized by sedges ([Carex digitata, Carex flacca, Carex montana, Carex alba]), grasses ([Sesleria albicans, Brachypodium pinnatum]), orchids ([Cephalanthera] spp., [Neottia nidus-avis, Epipactis leptochila, Epipactis microphylla]) and thermophile species, transgressive of the [Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae]. The bush-layer includes several calcicolous species ([Ligustrum vulgare, Berberis vulgaris]) and [Buxus sempervirens] can dominate.

Indicator species

Fagus sylvatica, Carex digita, Cephalantera spp., Neotttia nidus-avis

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: 0, Avg min:. 432, Avg mean: 682, Avg max: 1031, Abs. max: 3538

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest (Mixed forest)

Annex 1: 9150

Title

Medio-European limestone beech forests of the Cephalanthero-Fagion

Description

Indicator species

Fagus sylvatica, Carex digita, Cephalantera spp., Neotttia nidus-avis

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: 0, Avg min:. 432, Avg mean: 682, Avg max: 1031, Abs. max: 3538

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest

Annex 1: 9160

Title

Sub-Atlantic and medio-European oak or oak-hornbeam forests of the Carpinion betuli

Description

Habitat-description: Forests of [Quercus robur] (or [Quercus robur] and [Quercus petraea]) on hydromorphic soils or soils with high water table bottoms of valleys, depressions or in the vicinity of riparian forests). The substrate corresponds to silts, clayey and silt-laden colluvions, as well as to silt-laden alterations or to siliceous rocks with a high degree of saturation. Forests of [Quercus robur] or natural mixed forests composed of [Quercus robur, Quercus petraea, Carpinus betulus] and [Tilia cordata]. [Endymion non-scriptus] is absent or rare.

Indicator species

Quercus robur, Quercus petraea, Carpinus betulus, Stellaria holostea, Ranunculus nemorosus

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -10, Avg min:. 144, Avg mean: 198, Avg max: 263, Abs. max: 3448

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest (Mixed forest)

Annex 1: 9160

Title

Sub-Atlantic and medio-European oak or oak-hornbeam forests of the Carpinion betuli

Description

Indicator species

Quercus robur, Quercus petraea, Carpinus betulus, Stellaria holostea, Ranunculus nemorosus

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -10, Avg min:. 144, Avg mean: 198, Avg max: 263, Abs. max: 3448

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest

Annex 1: 9170

Title

Galio-Carpinetum oak-hornbeam forests

Description

Habitat-description: [Quercus petraea-Carpinus betulus] forests of regions with sub-continental climate within the central European range of [Fagus sylvatica], such as the Upper Rhine plain, the rain shadows of the Harz, Rh÷n and Spessart, the Swabian-Franconian basin, the Bavarian plateau and Thuringe, the Austrian northern pre-Alps and the Wienerwald, the Polish central lowlands and adjacent hills of Silesia, Great Poland and Kujawy, dominated by [Quercus petraea] and with [Sorbus torminalis, Sorbus domestica, Acer campestre, Ligustrum vulgare, Convallaria majalis, Carex montana, Carex umbrosa, Festuca heterophylla].

Indicator species

Quercus petraea, Carpinus betulus, Sorbus torminalis, Convallaria majalis

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: 0, Avg min:. 223, Avg mean: 312, Avg max: 424, Abs. max: 2526

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest (Mixed forest)

Annex 1: 9170

Title

Galio-Carpinetum oak-hornbeam forests

Description

Indicator species

Quercus petraea, Carpinus betulus, Sorbus torminalis, Convallaria majalis

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: 0, Avg min:. 223, Avg mean: 312, Avg max: 424, Abs. max: 2526

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest

Annex 1: 9180

Title

Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines

Description

Habitat-description: Mixed forests of secondary species ([Acer pseudoplatanus, Fraxinus excelsior, Ulmus glabra, Tilia cordata]) of coarse scree, abrupt rocky slopes or coarse colluvions of slopes, particularly on calcareous, but also on siliceous, substrates ([Tilio-Acerion] Klika 55). A distinction can be made between one grouping which is typical of cool and humid environments (hygroscopic and shade tolerant forests), generally dominated by the sycamore maple ([Acer pseudoplatanus]) - sub-alliance [Lunario-Acerenion], and another which is typical of dry, warm screes (xerothermophile forests), generally dominated by limes ([Tilia cordata, Tilia platyphyllos]) - sub-alliance [Tilio-Acerenion].

Indicator species

Acer pseudoplatanus, Tilia cordata (?)

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -30, Avg min:. 345, Avg mean: 556, Avg max: 796, Abs. max: 4061

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest (Mixed forest)

Annex 1: 9180

Title

Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines

Description

Indicator species

Acer pseudoplatanus, Tilia cordata (?)

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -30, Avg min:. 345, Avg mean: 556, Avg max: 796, Abs. max: 4061

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest

Annex 1: 9190

Title

Old acidophilous oak woods with Quercus robur on sandy plains

Description

Habitat-description: Pal., 41.51 - Acidophilous forests of the Baltic-North Sea plain, composed of [Quercus robur, Betula pendula] and [Betula pubescens], often mixed with [Sorbus aucuparia] and [Populus tremula], on very oligotrophic, often sandy (or moraine) and podsolized or hydromorphic soils; the bush layer, poorly developed, includes [Frangula alnus]; the herb layer is formed by [Deschampsia flexuosa] and other grasses and herbs of acid soils (sometimes includes [Molinia caerulea]), and is often invaded by bracken. Forests of this type often prevail in the northern European plain, from Jutland to Flanders; they occupy more limited edaphic enclaves in the Ardennes and the middle and upper Rhenish ranges, in north-western France, Normandy, Brittany, the Paris basin, the Morvan, Great Britain, Sweden and southwestern Finland. Pal., 41.54 - Forests of [Quercus robur] and, sporadically [Quercus pyrenaica] or hybrids, on podzols of southwestern France, with an herb layer constituted by the group of [Deschampsia flexuosa], with [Molinia caerulea] and [Peucedanum gallicum]. Syntaxa: [Peucedano-Quercetum roboris].

Indicator species

Quercus robur

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -2, Avg min:. 64, Avg mean: 77, Avg max: 107, Abs. max: 2499

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest (Mixed forest)

Annex 1: 9190

Title

Old acidophilous oak woods with Quercus robur on sandy plains

Description

Indicator species

Quercus robur

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -2, Avg min:. 64, Avg mean: 77, Avg max: 107, Abs. max: 2499

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest

Annex 1: 91A0

Title

Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in British Isles

Description

Habitat-description: Acidophilous [Quercus petraea] woods of Britain and Ireland, with low, low-branched, trees, with many ferns, mosses, lichens and evergreen bushes. The following sub-types are included: Pal., 41.531 Irish sessile oak woods [Quercus petraea] woods of Ireland, particulary rich in evergreen bushes, including [Arbutus unedo]. Pal., 41.532 British sessile oak woods Acidophilous [Quercus petraea] woods of western Britain, mostly found in Scotland, Wales, Northern England and South Western England.

Indicator species

Ilex aquifolium, Arbutus unedo, Quercus petraea

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -10, Avg min:. 40, Avg mean: 102, Avg max: 223, Abs. max: 1039

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest (Mixed forest)

Annex 1: 91A0

Title

Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in British Isles

Description

Indicator species

Ilex aquifolium, Arbutus unedo, Quercus petraea

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -10, Avg min:. 40, Avg mean: 102, Avg max: 223, Abs. max: 1039

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest

Annex 1: 91B0

Title

Thermophilous Fraxinus angustifolia woods

Description

Habitat-description: Non-alluvial, non-ravine formations dominated by [Fraxinus angustifolia], often mixed with [Quercus pubescens] or [Quercus pyrenaica]. The following sub-types are included: Pal., 41.861 Sicilian narrow-leaved ash woods [Fraxinus angustifolia] woods of western Sicily. Pal., 41.862 Iberian narrow-leaved ash woods [Fraxinus angustifolia] woods of the Iberian peninsula.

Indicator species

Fraxinus angustifolia, Quercus pubescens, Quercus pyrenaica

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -100, Avg min:. 368, Avg mean: 620, Avg max: 965, Abs. max: 3480

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest (Mixed forest)

Annex 1: 91B0

Title

Thermophilous Fraxinus angustifolia woods

Description

Indicator species

Fraxinus angustifolia, Quercus pubescens, Quercus pyrenaica

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -100, Avg min:. 368, Avg mean: 620, Avg max: 965, Abs. max: 3480

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest

Annex 1: 91E0

Title

Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Pandion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae)

Description

Habitat-description: Riparian forests of [Fraxinus excelsior] and [Alnus glutinosa], of temperate and Boreal Europe lowland and hill watercourses (Pal., 44.3: [Alno-Padion]); riparian woods of [Alnus incanae] of montane and sub-montane rivers of the Alps and the northern Apennines (Pal., 44.2: [Alnion incanae]); arborescent galleries of tall [Salix alba, Salix fragilis] and [Populus nigra], along medio-European lowland, hill or sub-montane rivers (Pal., 44.13: [Salicion albae]). All types occur on heavy soils (generally rich in alluvial deposits) periodically inundated by the annual rise of the river (or brook) level, but otherwise well-drained and aerated during low-water. The herbaceous layer invariably includes many large species ([Filipendula ulmaria, Angelica sylvestris, Cardamine] spp., [Rumex sanguineus, Carex] spp., [Cirsium oleraceum]) and various vernal geophytes can occur, such as [Ranunculus ficaria, Anemone nemorosa, Anemone ranunculoides, Corydalis solida]. This habitat includes several sub-types: ash-alder woods of springs and their rivers (Pal., 44.31 [Carici remotae-Fraxinetum]); ash-alder woods of fast-flowing rivers (Pal., 44.32 [Stellario-Alnetum glutinosae]); ash-alder woods of slow-flowing rivers (Pal., 44.33 [Pruno-Fraxinetum, Ulmo-Fraxinetum]); montane grey alder galleries (Pal., 44.21 [Calamagrosti variae-Alnetum incanae] Moor 58); sub-montane grey alder galleries (Pal., 44.22 [Equiseto hyemalis-Alnetum incanae] Moor 58); white willow gallery forests (Pal., 44.13 [Salicion albae]). The Spanish types belong to the alliance [Osmundo-Alnion] (Cantabric atlantic and southeast Iberia peninsula).

Indicator species

Alnus incanae, Populus nigra, Salix alba, Cirsium oleraceum, Filipendula ulmaria, Rumex sanguineus

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -100, Avg min:. 232, Avg mean: 346, Avg max: 464, Abs. max: 3774

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest (Mixed forest)

Annex 1: 91E0

Title

Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Pandion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae)

Description

Indicator species

Alnus incanae, Populus nigra, Salix alba, Cirsium oleraceum, Filipendula ulmaria, Rumex sanguineus

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -100, Avg min:. 232, Avg mean: 346, Avg max: 464, Abs. max: 3774

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest

Annex 1: 91F0

Title

Riparian mixed forests of Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis and Ulmus minor, Fraxinus excelsior or Fraxinus angustifolia, along the great rivers (Ulmenion minoris)

Description

Habitat-description: Forests of hardwood trees of the major part of the river bed, liable to flooding during regular rising of water level or, of low areas liable to flooding following the raising of the water table. These forests develop on recent alluvial deposits. The soil may be well drained between rising or remain wet. Following the hydric regime, the dominant woody species belong to [Fraxinus, Ulmus] or [Quercus] genus. The undergrowth is well developed.

Indicator species

Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis, Ulmus minor, Ulmus glabra, Fraxinus exelsior, Tamus communis, Phalaris arundinacea

Distribution (Bub Bunce)

Distribution (sites)

Altitude

Abs. min: -19, Avg min:. 113, Avg mean: 137, Avg max: 193, Abs. max: 2500

Rules

CLC: 311

Broad-leaved forest (Mixed forest)

Annex 1: 91F0

Title

Riparian mixed forests of Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis and Ulmus minor, Fraxinus excelsior or Fraxinus angustifolia, along the great rivers (Ulmenion minoris)

Description

Indicator species

Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis, Ulmus minor, Ulmus glabra, Fraxinus exelsior, Tamus communis, Phalaris arundinacea

Distribution (Bub Bunce)